Escabiasis costrosa imitando una acrodermatitis continua de Hallopeau / Crusted scabies mimicking an acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau

Resumen Introducción: La escabiasis costrosa (EC) es una variante poco común de sarcoptiosis clásica, altamente contagiosa. Las lesiones poseen una elevada concentración del ácaro Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, lo que conlleva a un cuadro clínico más extenso que en la escabiasis clásica. Se observa principalmente en pacientes con algún tipo de inmunocompromiso y se relaciona con el síndrome de Down. Caso clínico: Se describe una paciente pediátrica con síndrome de Down quien presentó placas escamosas que afectaron la porción distal de los dedos, asociadas con distrofia ungueal e hiperqueratosis subungueal, por lo que se consideró acrodermatitis continua de Hallopeau como diagnóstico diferencial. Se realizó una biopsia tipo punch con lo que se llegó al diagnóstico de EC. La paciente recibió tratamiento sistémico con ivermectina vía oral y tratamiento tópico con crema hidratante y desonida al 0.1%. Mostró mejoría clínica notoria dos semanas después de finalizar el tratamiento. Conclusiones: La EC es una variante prevalente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos y con síndrome de Down que fácilmente puede confundirse con patologías inflamatorias con alteración de la queratinización epidérmica. Este caso se considera una presentación atípica debido a la afección localizada en los dedos de las manos asociada con distrofia ungueal. El estudio histopatológico fue necesario para realizar el diagnóstico y descartar diagnósticos diferenciales.

Abstract Background: Crusted scabies (CS) is an uncommon, highly contagious, variant of classic scabies. Elevated concentrations of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis are found in the skin lesions, which lead to a more exaggerated clinical picture than in classic scabies. This disease is mainly observed in patients with any kind of immunosuppression and relates to Down syndrome. Case report: A pediatric female patient with Down syndrome, who presented a crusty white plaque associated with nail dystrophy and subungual hyperkeratosis affecting the distal portion of the fingers is described. Because of these findings, the diagnosis of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau was considered. A punch biopsy was performed, attaining the diagnosis of CS. She received systemic treatment with oral ivermectin, topical treatment with emollient cream and desonide 0.1%. Notorious clinical improvement was observed two weeks after finalizing treatment. Conclusions: CS is variant of scabies prevalent in immunocompromised patients and Down syndrome that can be easily confused with inflammatory pathologies with abnormal epidermal keratinization. This case is considered as an atypical presentation of the disease because of local affection of the fingers and nail dystrophy. The histopathological study was necessary to obtain the diagnosis and rule out differential diagnosis.

Atypical crusted scabies in a patient with chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis B and D viruses

Abstract: Crusted scabies is a less common variant of scabies that is highly contagious, difficult to treat and involves infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. The classical clinical presentation includes crusted, scaly and generally non-pruritic lesions usually located on the head, neck, palmar, plantar and periungual region. It was first described in Norway in 1848 in patients with leprosy who presented with crusted lesions. In this study, we report the case of a patient with crusted scabies with florid clinical manifestations and chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B and delta virus infection.

Norwegian scabies - rare case of atypical manifestation

Abstract Human scabies affects all social classes and different races around the world. It is highly contagious, but the exact figures on its prevalence are unknown. A 19-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room reporting fever (38°C) and multiple lesions throughout the body, except face, soles, and palms. Lesions were non-pruritic, which hampered the initial diagnostic suspicion. Skin biopsy was performed, and the final diagnosis was crusted scabies (Norwegian). It was concluded that human scabies is a significant epidemic disease, due to its different clinical manifestations, and because it is extremely contagious.

Norwegian scabies mimicking rupioid psoriasis / Sarna norueguesa mimetizando psoríase rupioide

Norwegian scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by an ectoparasite, Scarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis, which mainly affects immunosuppressed individuals. Clinically, it may simulate various dermatoses such as psoriasis, Darier's disease, seborrheic dermatitis, among others. This is a case report of a 33-year-old woman, immunocompetent, diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (cancer phobia), who had erythematous, well-defined plaques, covered with rupioid crusts, on her neck, axillary folds, breast, periumbilical region, groin area, besides upper back and elbows, mimicking an extremely rare variant of psoriasis, denominated rupioid psoriasis.

A sarna norueguesa é uma infestação cutânea altamente contagiosa causada pelo ectoparasita Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, que atinge principalmente indivíduos imunossuprimidos. Clinicamente, pode simular várias dermatoses, tais como psoríase, doença de Darier, dermatite seborréica, entre outras. O artigo relata o caso de uma mulher de 33 anos, imunocompetente, porém com diagnóstico de transtorno de ansiedade generalizada e cancerofobia, que apresentava placas bem delimitadas, sobre base eritematosa, recobertas por crostas rupioides, nas regiões cervical, axilar, mamária, umbilical, inguinal, além de dorso superior e cotovelos, mimetizando uma variante extremamente rara de psoríase, denominada psoríase rupioide.

Dermoscopia da sarna crostosa associada à síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida / Dermoscopy of Norwegian scabies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente com sarna norueguesa e síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida com baixa aderência à terapia antirretroviral. O diagnóstico definitivo foi confirmado pelo exame parasitológico direto. A dermatoscopia mostrou sulcos escabióticos e estruturas acastanhadas em asa-delta já descritas, além de uma estrutura morfologicamente semelhante a um gongolo (diplopodasímile). Esta última representa um elemento patodiagnóstico da SN não previamente descrito. Houve boa reposta clínica ao uso oral da ivermectina e ao uso tópico da vaselina com enxofre a 10 por cento, com concomitante melhora dos parâmetros dermatoscópicos.

The authors report here on the case of a female patient with Norwegian (crusted) scabies and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome whose compliance with antiretroviral therapy was poor. Definitive diagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopic examination, which revealed numerous Sarcoptes scabei. Dermoscopy showed pathognomonic scabetic burrows and brownish structures in the shape of a hand-glider with a millipede-like appearance. The latter constitutes a diagnostic feature in the pathology of Norwegian scabies that has not yet been described. The patient responded well to oral ivermectin and topical vaseline with sulphur at a proportion of 10 percent. There was a simultaneous improvement in dermoscopic parameters.

Sarna costrosa (Noruega): presentación de un caso clínico / Crusted scabies (Norwegian scabies): a case report

Diferentes tipos de sarna han sido descritos con base en sus características clínicas, entre ellos la sarna costrosa (Noruega). Es una manifestación rara y extrema de la escabiosis que se produce principalmente en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 42 años, homosexual, a quien se diagnosticó VIH y que presenta lesiones dérmicas pruriginosas de 4 meses de evolución en tronco y extremidades, constituidas por xerosis, pápulas decapitadas, placas eritematosas, manchas hipercrómicas residuales y múltiples excoriaciones e hiperpigmentación ungueal en ambos pies. Se trató inicialmente como dermatitis psorasiforme que no cedió al tratamiento con esteroides y antipruritico. Se realizó diagnóstico por biopsia que confirmó la sospecha clínica de sarna noruega. Se aplicó un tratamiento con una dosis de ivermectina oral y benzoato de bencilo tópico con remisión en dos días.

Different types of scabies have been described based on their clinical outcome, one of which is the Crusted (Norwegian) type. This is an extreme manifestation of scabies that can be observed mainly among immunosupressed patients. A case ofa 42 year-old homosexual man is described. The patient was diagnosed with HIV, presenting pruritic lesions with a 4 month evolution in trunk and extremities. Lesions included xerosis, decapitated papules, badges with erythema, residual hyperchromic stains, multiple abrasions and ungueal pigmentation in both feet. At the beginning it was treated as apsorasiform dermatitis with steroids and antipruritics without success. Through a biopsy the suspected diagnosis of Crusted (Norwegian) scabies was confirmed. The patient was treated with a dose of oral ivermectin and topical benzyl benzoate and showed remission after two days.

Scabies: a common skin problem often misdiagnosed

Scabies is a common skin problem and is caused by a parasite sarcoptes scabiei. The affected patient develops pruritic papules. The sites of predilection are chiefly the inter digital webs of the hands, the wrist, the flexures, of the arms, the axillae, the nipples, area around the umbilicus, lower abdomen, genitals and the buttocks. The disease spreads in epidemics and is transmitted from one person to another, unhygienic situations are basic factors for the spread of this infestation. Delayed treatment of the primary cases may flare-up the problem. Sufficient survey of the epidemiological problem is necessary. Very important matter is misdiagnosis of the disease, it has been misdiagnosed as eczema, allergic dermatitis, pyogenic infections etc. Irrational use of corticosteroids have contributed in flaring-up of the disease. The disease can be easily treated with crolamiton cream, Benzyl benzoate emulsion, and sulphur ointment. There are many other drugs topical available for its treatment. Only oral drug available is ivermectin single dose of which gives good results. All preventive and Therapeutic measures are necessary, good diagnostic acumen is needed in practitioners of medicine

Resultados de um serviço especializado de dermatologia pediátrica / Results of a pediatric dermatology service

Os autores apresentam e discutem os resultados de um Serviço especializado de Dermatologia Pediátrica que atua a nível terciário em Hospital-Escola. Os casos säo analisados de acordo com a idade, sexo e diagnóstico final, por grupos de patologias. As mais freqüentes säo apresentadas separadamente, relacionado com a idade e o sexo, comentando seus aspectos próprios e seu papel no contexto. O trabalho destaca a importância deste tipo de dado, que permite a elaboraçäo de programas específicos e de normas de atendimento para as moléstias mais prevalentes

Crusted scabies in child with systemic lupus erythematosus

É descrito um caso de sarna crostosa em criança portadora de lupus eritematoso sistêmico em tratamento com prednisona há 3 anos. O raspado das lesöes cutâneas revelou ovos e áscaros adultos de Sarcoptes scabiei. A paciente faleceu por sepsis e insuficiência renal pouco tempo após início da terapêutica tópica com enxofre a 20 por cento. Melhora importante foi observada no quadro dermatológico